Ilustration from the patentdepicting a submerged Dam-Atoll and its above-water guide-vanes.
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Various and sundry books, articles, and links to web resources discussing Dam-Atoll
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Arthur, Robert S.: "Refraction of Waves by Islands and Shoals with Circular Bottom Contours," Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 27(2), April 1946, pp. 168-177.
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Arthur, Robert S.: "The Effect of Islands on Surface Waves," (June 26, 1951), San Diego, CA, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Volume 6no1. http://repositories.cdlib.org/sio/bulletin/6no1, pp. 1-26.
ABSTRACT: The interruption of the progress of waves by an island produces a zone of "wave shadow" to the "wave lee" of the island. Observations have demonstrated that the shadow is never completely devoid of waves and that on occasion relatively high waves may occur in this lee region. An investigation is made of factors influencing the wave conditions in the shadow. The characteristics and mean direction of approach of the incident waves are assumed to be known. The penetration of wave energy into the region to the lee of the island is determined by the following factors: (1) the effect of underwater topography off the island's shores in refracting wave energy into the lee, (2) the effect of currents near the island in refracting energy, (3) the diffraction effect resulting when a barrier interrupts wave fronts, and (4) the effect of variability in direction of wave travel in limiting the extent of the shadow. The quantitative results indicate that the important effects in the penetration of wave energy into the lee are generally the result of refraction by underwater topography and variability in direction. The factors discussed are adequate for explaining quantitatively the wave conditions observed in the lee of the Island of Sicily, San Clemente Island, and Santa Catalina Island. The methods may be of general interest in the prediction of wave heights near the lee shores of islands or on coastal shores which are in the shadow of offshore islands.
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Wirt, L.S. and Higgins, T.P.: "DAM-ATOLL Ocean Wave Energy Extraction," Marine Technology Society Meeting, New Orleans, LA., October 11-12 1979.
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Abbhasi, S.A. and Abbasi, Naseema: RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, New Delhi, Prentice-Hall Of India, 2006, pp. 60-61.
Google Books link to page discussing Dam-Atoll
Book's Web Page on the site of the publisher, Prentice-Hall of India
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Charlier, R.H. and Justus, J.R.: OCEAN ENERGIES (ELSEVIER OCEANOGRAPHY SERIES), New York, Elsevier, September 1, 1993, p. 148.
Google Books link to page discussing Dam-Atoll
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Considine, Glenn D., ed: VAN NOSTRAND'S SCIENTIFIC ENCYCLOPEDIA, Online Article Entitled "Ocean Resources (Energy)", October 14; Dead-tree edition of VAN NOSTRAND'S SCIENTIFIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Wiley-Interscience (March 3, 2008),
Article's Web Page on the site of the publisher, Wiley-Interscience
Dead-Tree Book's (2002 Edition) Web Page on the site of the publisher, Wiley-Interscience
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Goeoeck, Roland: DIE GROSSEN ERFINDUNGEN: WIND, WASSER DAMPF SONNE, Germany, Siglock Editions, 1989
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Hafemeister, David: PHYSICS OF SOCIETAL ISSUES: CALCULATIONS ON NATIONAL SECURITY, ENVIRONMENT, AND ENERGY (UNDERGRADUATE TEXTS IN CONTEMPORARY PHYSICS), New York, NY, Springer New York, 2007.
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Isaacs, John Dove: John Dove Isaacs (1913-1980) Folder List Papers, c1943-1980, Archives, p. 77.
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Jansson, Karl-Gustav and Lunde, Johannes K. and Rindby, Thomas eds: FIRST SYMPOSIUM ON WAVE ENERGY UTILIZATION: PROCEEDINGS 30-OCTOBER-1 NOVEMBER 1979, Gothenburg, Sweden, Chalmers University of Technology, 1980, pp. 207-208.
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McCormick, Michael E.: Ocean Wave Energy Conversion, Mineola, NY, Dover Publications, Inc., 2007, pp. 124-133.
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Mei, Chiang C. and Stiassnie, Michael and Yue, Dick K.-P: THEORY AND APPLICATION OF OCEAN SURFACE WAVES, Hackensack, NJ, World Scientific Publishing Company, www.worldscientific.com, 2005 and 1989, p. 406.
Google Books link to page discussing Dam-Atoll
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Myers, Norman and Kent, Jennifer, eds: THE NEW ATLAS OF PLANET MANAGEMENT, Berkeley, CA, University of California Press, http://www.ucpress.edu, 2005, pp. 83-84.
Google Books link to page discussing Dam-Atoll
Book's Location on the University of California Press' Website
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Organization Of The Petroleum Exporting Countries ed: OPEC BULLETIN, v.13:7-11, Vienna, Austria, Organization Of The Petroleum Exporting States, 1982-83, p. 73.
Google Books link to page discussing Dam-Atoll
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Reddy, M.P.M.: DESCRIPTIVE PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY, Lisse, A.A. Balkema Publishers, www.balkema.nl, 2001, p. 409.
Google Books link to page discussing Dam-Atoll
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Wirt, L.S.: HARVESTING OCEAN WAVE ENERGY WITH THE LOCKHEED DAM_ATOLL, REPORT LR27803, Burbank, CA, Lockheed-California Co, 1978.
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Kreider, Jan F.: DAM-ATOLL FOR WAVE POWER, Popular Science, Science Newsfront, September 1979.
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Wave Power Seminar In South Africa
Prospects For Development Of Non-Conventional And Renewable Sources Of Energy On the Kola Peninsula
Hydrodynamic Capacity Study Of The Wave-Energized Baltic Aeration Pump
5th Miami International Conference On Alternative Energy Sources
Air Turbine Design Study for aWave Energy Conversion System
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A Brief Outline of Main Types of Wave Energy Conversion
Vertaal damafmeting (Nederlands-Engels)
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Worst Pun Of The Year Every Year
Best And Most Concise Description Of Dam-Atoll
The damndest thing that ever came out of an acoustics lab
Fermat's Principle
The Patent for Dam-Atoll is now in the public domain
The Name Dam-Atoll Tells How It Extracts Ocean Wave Energy
Dam-Atoll An Amalgam Of the Concepts Dam And Atoll
Dams And Kinetic, Potential, and Mechanical Energy
River As Kinetic Energy
Kinetic Energy Transformed To Potential Energy
Potential Energy Transformed Back To Kinetic Energy
Kinetic Energy Turned Into Mechanical Energy
An Atoll Bends And Refracts The Approaching Wave
Wave Velocity
Wave Refraction
When the submerged atoll is dome-shaped, it refracts the wave path to its center
The exact shape of the atoll's dome is critical
the atoll acts as a kind of lense concentrating the wave energy
A Wave's Potential Energy Gets Changed To Kinetic Energy By An Atoll
A wave is nothing but energy
Waves And Potential And Kinetic Energy
A deep-water ocean wave is always half potential and half kinetic energy
Wave is all kinetic energy when it breaks on the center of the atoll
Changing A Wave's Kinetic Energy To Mechanical Energy By Means Of A Vortex
Vortex
Vortex is a fluid flywheel
Dam-Atoll, Vortex, Guide Vanes
This in sum is how Dam-Atoll works
Smoothing out the succession of wave pulses
Advantages Over The Other Ocean Wave Energy Extraction Devices
Dam-Atoll has only one moving part
Thus Dam-Atoll loses no energy in monkey motion
Monkey motion
Competing Ocean Wave Energy Extraction Devices are monkey motion machines
Energy Efficiency
Diffuser Important To Energy Efficiency
Mathematically Optimal Shape Of Dome Crucial To Energy Efficiency
A Future So Bright For Ocean Systems You Will Need Sunglasses
The Patent for Dam-Atoll is now in the public domain
The Opportunity
Leslie Wirt is available for lectures
Leslie Wirt offers consulting services
Video of working scale model of Dam-Atoll
Dam-Atoll Patent
Michael McCormick's Comments On Dam-Atoll
John Isaac's Comments On Dam-Atoll
Links To Books, Articles, And Web Sites Mentioning Dam-Atoll
Excerpts From Scattering And Absorption Of Surface Waves By Arthur's Island
Future Prospects For Dam-Atoll
Dam-Atoll Humor
Dam-Atoll_History
About the inventor of Dam-Atoll, Leslie S. Wirt
Contact Leslie Wirt
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Next: Excerpts From "Excerpts From Scattering And Absorption Of Surface Waves By Arthur's Island"
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